Locking device



C. G. OLSON Feb. 23, 1932.

LOCKING DEVICE Filed Oct. 20, 1928 CZWZ 6, Ol a Patented Feb. 23, 1932UNITED I STATES PATENT OFFICE G. OLSON, OI CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORTO SHAKEPROOI, LOOK WASHER COM PANY, OI CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION01' DELAWARE Locxme DEVICE Application fled October 80, 1838: Serial110. 313,712.

My invention relates to locking devices and jacent sui-faces of elementsto be secured, said particularly to devices for looking or securteethbein adapted to imbed themselves ing parts such as machine elements andthe within sai surfaces so as to positivel oplike against relativemovement. pose,'with equal effectiveness, any ten ency Generally, one ofthe primary objects of to cause relative rotation of'the elements in mypresent invention is to provide a device either direction of simple,economical and rigid construction I Still more specifically, myinvention conwhich; may be interposed between opposed templates theprovision of an annular locksurfacesioi elements such for example asmaing device having a body portion which may 10 chine elements, whichdevice will serve; when be formed from suitable fiat stock,- said desaidelements are clamped together, to posivice being provided with aplurality of martively secure the same against relative move-e 'ginalteeth twisted out of the plane of the ment. body portion, alternateteeth "being twisted More specifically, it is an ob'ect of my inopposite directions so that when the same present invention to provide a100 ing device are clamped between opposed surfaces of 65 of the instantnature which preferably coms Work elements, said clamping force willserve prises a piece of' flat stock, said stock being to rendereffective the binding action of said,

provided with work engaging members which teeth in opposite directionsso as to oppose, are warped or twisted out of the plane of said withequalforce, any tendency to cause relastock in such a manner that whensaid stock tive rotation between the work elements in is associated withthe opposed surfaces of either direction.

elements to be secured and said elements are These andother objects willbe more apparclamped together, said work engaging or cut from thefollowing-detailed description, locking members will be renderedeffective to when considered ,in connection with the acpositively securesaid parts against relative companying drawings, wherein movement in anydirection. a Figure 1 discloses a lockingdevice repre- Another object ofmy invention is to prosenting one embodiment of my invention, in vide alooking or connecting device which is operative association with workelements; adapted to be formed from fiat stock, said de- Figure 2 is aplan view of a detached lockvice being provided with a plurality of working device of the type shown in Figure 1; and engaging members or teethwhich extend out Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view on an enof the plane ofthe body of said device so that larged scale disclosing the manner inwhich when said device is clamped between opposed the locking teeth arerendered efi'ective when surfaces of elements ,to be secured, said teethclamped between the opposed surfaces of the will be rendered efi'ectivein response to the work elements. a applied clamping force to positivelyoppose, Referring now to the drawings more in dowith equaleffectiveness, any tendency to tail wherein I have employed likenumerals cause relative movement between the parts to designate similarparts throughout the in any direction. I various figures, it will beobserved that one A still further object of my invention is toembodiment of m invention resides in the provide a locking device whichis particularprovision of a 100 'ng or connecting device ly adaptable tosecure parts against relative indicated generally by the numeral 10,Figrotationand to this end I propose to provide ures 1 and 2. Thislocking device 10 commeans comprising a piece of apertured flat prisesan annular body portion 12 and a plustock having a plurality of marginalteeth, rality of marginal teeth 14. It will be noted certain of saidteeth being twisted in one d'ithat these teeth-14 are twisted inopposite direction out of the plane of the body portion'of rections outof the plane of the body portion said stock and certain others twistedin an 12. The locking device 10 may be very conopposite direction,whereby said teeth are veniently stamped or otherwise formed fromrendered effective when clamped between adsuitable flat stock and theteeth 14 may be de- -dot and .dash andafter the clamping.action,.

28 extending outwardly from the bracket 16.

The locking device 10 is positioned between the opposed surfaces 20 and22 and a nut 30 is adapted to be tightened against the outer face of.the' hub 26'so as to clamp the loctlizing device 10 between thesurfaces, 20 an 22. 4

In Figure 3 I have diagrammatically dis-' closed the manner in which thelocking effecttiveness of the teeth 14 is rendered possible. in responsetothe clamping action of the nut .30. The dot and dash lines shown inFigure 5 represent the relative positions of the lock-.

ing device 10 and the surface .22 of the hub 26 prior to the tighteningof the surface 22 against the teeth 14. The solid lines disclose thepositions occupied by said parts after the surface 22 has been clampedagainst said teeth. Lines indicated by the numeral 32 substantiallybisect the teeth 14 and hence pass through the center of said teethwhich I have indicated by the numeral 34. These lines intersect at'apoint 36., Prior to the clampingpf the surface 22 against the. teeth 14,the lines 32 occupy the position shown in said lines assume the positionshown by the solid lines.

From

twisted in opposite directions act similarly to toggle arms, if thelines 32 are considered as the positions which would normally beoccupied by toggle arms, and hence these adjacent teeth act in oppositedirections in response to the clamping force to which they aresubjected. In other words, these teeth imbed themselves in the surfaceof the Work so as to exert positive sidewise pressures or rotativeforces in different directions, thereby, positively preventing relativemovement between the elements 1.6 and 18 in any direction'. Thus theteeth 14 act with equal force in opposite directions to securethe-elements 16 and 18 against relative rotation. It will thus beapparent that by clamping the teeth 14 between the opposed surfaces 20and 22 of the work elements, said teeth exe'rta force axially of theelements so as to imbed themselves insaidopposed surfaces and also exerta rotative force in opposite directions along the toggle arm lines 32 soas to positively op.- pose any tendency to cause relative movementbetween the elements.

The utility or practical application of my this disclosure it will be'apparent that adjacently positioned teeth.

' clu ding a strut member having eluding invention is evidenced by thefact that the same is readilg adaptable'for use in connectionwith macine parts. In this connection my improved locking device has beeneffectively employed to substitute the usual type of key which iscommonly-employed to secure rotary elements such as gears and the likeupon a shaft. By clamping my locking device between elements supportedby a shaft, said elements may be positively secured againstrelativerotation without the necessity of forming a key-way within the shaft andelements supported thereby so as to permitthe association therewith of akey. The

foregoing is only one of numerous instances in which the describedlocking device has a very practical application. Although light .inc'onstruct1on,-sa1d locking device provides i a means for rigidlysecuring relatively large machine elements together and its simplicityof design renders the same very desirable r'crom the sta'ndpoint ofeconomy in manufacture. The lockingteeth of my device may be formed soas to best suit the needs incident to their use, and saidteeth willvexert sidewise and in some instances rotative forces in oppositedirections in response to the force emplolyed to clamp the work elementstogether.

he foregoing covers my invent-ionby referring to locking device? as aunit but it should be understood'that these devices may be manufacturedin strips of any length having a large number of these by narrowsections which ma be easily separated into units suitable for the workin hand at the time of their use.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as newand desire tosecure by Letters Patent is: t

1. A locking device for securing adjacent work elements against relativemovement, in ortions for engaging both work elements an adapted to exerta locking force in a given direction against the adjacent surfaces ofthe work elements in response to a force applied to clamp the workelements together and another strut member having portions or engagingwork elements and adapted to exert a locking force against the adjacentsurfaces of the work elements in a dlfierent direction in response tothe said applied clamping force, whereby said work elements will bepositively secured against relative movement in either direction.

units connected both 2. A. locking device for securing adjacent workelements against relative movement, in-

a member having work engaging edges, at least one for each work element,andadapted to be angularly positioned with re- 1 spect to one of theadjacent surfaces of the work elements to provide a locking strut, and

another member having work engaging edges,

at least one for each work element, and adaptan adjacent surface of thework elements to provide an oppositely acting lockingstrut,said

3. A locking device for securing adjacent-- work elements againstrelative movement, including a member, a ,tooth associated with saidmember and having a work engaging edge for each work element positionedout of the plane of said member,- said tooth being angularly disposedwith respect to the surfaces ofthe, work so as to exert a lockingstrutting force in a given direction against a surface of the work inresponse to a force applied to clamp the work elements togther, andanother work engaging tooth associated with said member angularlydisposedin a direction opposite to the disposition of the firstmentioned tooth having a work engaging edge for each work elementpositioned out of the plane of said member and adapted to exert alocking force against a surface of the work in an opposite direction inresponse tosaid clamping-force, whereby said Work elements will'bepositively'secured against relative movement in any direction.

4. A'locking device for securing adjacent work elements against relativemovement, including a body portion of fiat stock having a tooth warpedout of the plane thereof in. one direction and adapted to engage bothwork elements, and another tooth warped out of the plane of said bodyportion in the opposite direction and adapted toengage both workelements, whereby the work engaging edges A of said teeth will beadapted to exert a lockin force in oppositedirectionsin response to aorce applied to clamp the work elements together, whereby said teethoperate with substantially equal effectiveness so as to positivelypreventv any relative /m'ovement' be 5 tween said work elements.

.5. A locking device for securing adjacent work elements agamstgrelativerotation inwork elements'against relative rotation ineluding an annularbody section of flat s rin 'stock, and a plurality of radially ositione'V teeth spaced along the margin 0 said annular body port on, alternateteeth being twisted ina given direction so as to present sharp workengaging corners on opposite sides of the body portion and theremaining. alternate teeth'bemg twisted in the opposite direction so asto preseht sharp work enga ing corners on opposite sides of said bo' yportion, adj acently positioned teeth having a tendency when clampedbetween the worksurfaces to dig into said surfifces and to un-v twistsufliciently so as to effect a positive togglelocking action and therebysecure the parts against relative rotation.-

- 7. A- locking device of the class described for securing adjacentworkelements'against relative movement, inclu'din an annular bod portionof flat spring stoc a plurality of marginal prongs extending from andformed integral with said body portion, each proilg 1 including a bodysection and work engagin edges positioned at opposite sides -t ereocertain of said body sections being inclined in a given direction withrespect to the annular body portion so as to position said work engagingedges out of the plane of saidan- 'nular body portion, and the bodysections of the remaining prongs being inclined 0(pbo y positely withrespect to'said annular portion so as to ed es thereof out of the planeof said annular body portion, whereby, when said device isclampedbetween the adjacent surfaces of said -work elements, certain ofsaid prongs will serve to secure said work elements against rotation inone direction. and the remaining prongs will serve to secure saidelements against rotation in-the opposite direction.

In witness whereof scribed my name.

I omne onson.

eluding a body portion of flat stock'having a position the work engagingI have hereunto subadapted to engage both work elements, said" teethbeing adapted, when plamped against a surfaceof the work elements, toimbed themselves within said surface and to exert substantially equalrotative forces in opposite directions so as to positively securesaid-work elements against relative rotation in either direction.

6., Alocking device for securing adjacent

